Author Archives: Jack Case

The Demystified Astro Navigation Course Unit 2

Unit 2 – Local Hour Angle and Greenwich Hour Angle  Local Hour Angle (LHA).  In astro navigation, we need to know the position of a celestial body relative to our own position. (The following diagram illustrates the explanations given below). LHA … Continue reading

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The Demystified Astro Navigation Course – Unit 1

Unit 1 Essential Astronomy for Navigators The Celestial Sphere is an imaginary sphere with the Earth located at its centre. We imagine that the ‘celestial bodies’ such as the Sun, Moon, stars and planets are placed on the inner surface … Continue reading

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Calculating the Distance Between Meridians of Longitude Along a Parallel of Latitude.

At the Equator, the distance between meridians of longitude is 60 n.m. (or 60.113 to be precise).  However, as we move north or south away from the equator, we find that the distance between them decreases as they converge towards … Continue reading

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Altitude Correction for Parallax

As shown in the following diagram, the observer measures the altitude in relation to the visible horizon from his position at O on the Earth’s surface.  So, the observed altitude is the angle HOX.  However, the true altitude is measured from the … Continue reading

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Altitude Correction for Dip

Dip.  A correction has to be made to the sextant altitude to allow for the height of the observer’s eye above the horizon; this is known as Dip. Consider the diagram below: O is an observer’s position on the Earth’s … Continue reading

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Altitude Correction for Semi-Diameter

An adjustment for semi-diameter is one of the corrections that may have to be made to the sextant altitude in order to calculate the True Altitude.  Corrections For The Moon’s Semi-Diameter.  The point on the Moon’s circumference nearest to the … Continue reading

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Converting GMT To GHA

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the local mean time anywhere on the meridian of Greenwich.  In other words it is the Local Hour Angle of the Mean Sun on the meridian of Greenwich. Since the Greenwich meridian is used as the … Continue reading

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The Role Of Altitude, Azimuth And Zenith Distance In Astro Navigation.

Point Z represents the zenith of the observer’s position.  Point X represents the position of the celestial body and this point, if projected onto the Earth’s surface, would correspond to the Geographical position of the body. P and P1 are … Continue reading

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The Ecliptic, The Age of Aquarius and the Tropics.

The Ecliptic.  Because of the orbital motion of the Earth, the Sun appears to us to move around the celestial sphere taking one year to complete a revolution. This apparent movement of the Sun is called the Ecliptic.  A year … Continue reading

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First Point of Aries.

First Point of Aries.  In astronomy, we need a celestial coordinate system for fixing the positions of all celestial bodies in the celestial sphere.  To this end, we express a celestial body’s position in the celestial sphere in relation to … Continue reading

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